Antennas in phones and routers: where they are and why they matter
An antenna converts electrical signals into radio waves and back. A phone has several: for different mobile bands, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GPS, NFC and UWB. Routers have internal or external antennas.
In plain words
An antenna is the ear and mouth of radio communication: it "talks" to the tower or router and "listens" for the reply. Cover your mouth and ears with your hands and the conversation gets worse. That is why the wrong grip or a metal case can weaken the signal.
How it works
- The transmitter feeds alternating current at the right frequency into the antenna.
- The antenna radiates radio waves into space.
- When receiving, the waves induce a weak current in the antenna, which the receiver amplifies.
- An antenna's size and shape depend on the frequency.
- Several antennas (MIMO) carry multiple streams and pick the best signal.
Where you'll see it
In phones, they are built into the metal frame (you can see the plastic strips that break it up) and under the back panel. On routers, they are external "sticks" or inside the case. 4G routers have connectors for external antennas.
Does it matter when buying
For a 4G router in the countryside, an external directional antenna can dramatically improve your internet. For a phone, avoid metal cases and magnetic mounts that cover the antennas. The number of antennas on a router is not the main thing - the standard and placement matter more.
Myths
- Myth: More antennas on a router always means a better signal. Reality: The standard, power and placement matter more.
- Myth: Internal antennas are worse than external ones. Reality: Modern internal antennas are often just as effective.
FAQ
Where are the antennas in a phone?
In the frame and under the back cover.
Will an external antenna help with 4G?
In rural areas, often significantly.
Why is the signal worse when I hold my phone?
Your hand absorbs part of the radio signal.